This research and policy guidance focuses attention on ten areas and safety recommendations which will save lives and improve transportation safety. These areas are: distractions, alcohol and drug impairment, shipment of hazardous materials, positive train control, speeding-related crashes, aircraft flight operations, collision avoidance systems, fatigue-related accidents, medical screening for sleep apnea, and strengthening occupant protection. Under each of these categories, the document presents recommendations for aviation, highway, marine, rail, intermodal, and pipeline modes.