State transportation agencies successfully use performance measurement to solve complex management challenges. This report illustrates the use of performance-based management approaches in the state departments of transportation (DOTs). It concentrates on three performance areas which exemplify the use of performance management systems, outcomes and measurement techniques based on a sample set of state DOTs that use a broad range of measures. The performance areas are: (1) asset management, (2) congestion and system performance, and (3) safety. The DOTs in Washington, Florida, Minnesota, Maryland, and Missouri were selected as case studies to show how state DOTs utilize performance measurement.