This report describes an array of methods for establishing targets for performance-based management of the transportation system and provides guidelines on selecting and applying a target-setting method that is meaningful and appropriate for specific performance measures. The guide will be of interest to those at state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other transportation agencies who are responsible for performance management and performance reporting. Accompanying this guide is NCHRP Web-Only Document 358: Developing a Guide to Effective Methods for Setting Transportation Performance Targets, which documents the research and pilot and dissemination activities.